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	<title>MiFID II Compliance &#8211; Bertrand Mariaux</title>
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	<description>Mastering Luxembourg&#039;s Asset Management Corporate Governance, Regulatory &#38; Compliance Environment</description>
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	<title>MiFID II Compliance &#8211; Bertrand Mariaux</title>
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	<item>
		<title>MiFIR post-trade transparency: three checks for a Luxembourg bank</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/mifir-post-trade-transparency-cssf-bank-checks/</link>
					<comments>https://bertrandmariaux.com/mifir-post-trade-transparency-cssf-bank-checks/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 21:53:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CSSF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MiFID II]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MiFIR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OTC derivatives]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[post-trade transparency]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://bertrandmariaux.com/?p=608</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[MiFIR post-trade transparency: check deferral eligibility, publication responsibility and the applicable CSSF notification formalities.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/600/2024-03-28/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments</a> (hereafter, <strong>MiFIR</strong>) governs MiFIR post-trade transparency: the obligation to disclose specified details of an executed transaction to the market after execution. For transactions within <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/600/2024-03-28/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 21(1) MiFIR</a>, those details include the price, volume and time of the transaction.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Where a Luxembourg bank executes an in-scope derivative outside a trading venue—that is, outside a regulated market, multilateral trading facility or organised trading facility—it must answer three separate questions: may publication be deferred, which party must publish, and which Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (<strong>CSSF</strong>) formality applies?</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Determine the applicable deferral</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A deferral postpones publication; it does not remove the publication obligation.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">As at 15 July 2026, derivative deferrals remain subject to transitional arrangements. <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/600/2024-03-28/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 54(3) MiFIR</a> and Article 1a of <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2017/583/2026-03-02/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/583 of 14 July 2016 on transparency requirements concerning, among other instruments, derivatives</a> (hereafter, <strong>RTS 2</strong>) preserve Articles 8 and 11 RTS 2 and the pre-28 March 2024 MiFIR provisions which those articles supplement for derivatives. Firms must therefore apply the retained derivative rules during the transition, rather than relying only on the revised MiFIR regime.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/QA-MiFIDII_MiFIR.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CSSF’s MiFID II/MiFIR Questions and Answers, version of 13 July 2026</a> (hereafter, <strong>CSSF Q&amp;A</strong>), Question 4.1.1, permits deferral notably where:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>the transaction is large in scale compared with the normal market size;</li>



<li>the instrument or class of instruments does not have a liquid market; or</li>



<li>the transaction exceeds the applicable size-specific-to-the-instrument threshold and immediate disclosure could expose liquidity providers to undue risk.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The bank must identify the relevant instrument class, applicable threshold, permitted deferral period and publication arrangements for each transaction.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Allocate publication responsibility</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A designated publishing entity is an investment firm granted that status by its competent authority for specified classes of financial instruments. An approved publication arrangement (<strong>APA</strong>) is the authorised service through which the transaction details are made public.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Under <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/600/2024-03-28/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 21a(2) and (3) MiFIR</a>:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>if only one party is a designated publishing entity, that party must publish through an APA;</li>



<li>if both parties, or neither party, have that status, the seller must publish.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The bank must therefore check the status of both parties for the relevant instrument class.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Systematic internaliser status must be assessed separately. A systematic internaliser is, broadly, an investment firm dealing on own account when executing client orders outside a trading venue on the organised and systematic basis described in <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/65/2025-01-17/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 4(1)(20) of Directive 2014/65/EU</a> (<strong>MIFID II</strong>). That status carries separate requirements, but it does not replace the publication-allocation test in <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/600/2024-03-28/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 21a MiFIR</a>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Complete the correct CSSF formality</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The two CSSF email addresses serve different purposes:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>a bank intending to use the outside-venue derivative deferral must notify <a href="mailto:mmifid2@cssf.lu">mmifid2@cssf.lu</a>;</li>



<li>an entity that qualifies or opts in as a systematic internaliser must send the dedicated form to <a href="mailto:mifid2@cssf.lu">mifid2@cssf.lu</a>;</li>



<li>an entity requesting designated-publishing-entity status must send the dedicated form to <a href="mailto:mifid2@cssf.lu">mifid2@cssf.lu</a>.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Under <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/QA-MiFIDII_MiFIR.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CSSF Q&amp;A Questions 4.2.1 and 4.2.2</a>, designated-publishing-entity status is not automatic: the CSSF grants it upon request for specified classes of financial instruments.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The practical sequence is clear: determine whether the transaction qualifies for deferred publication, identify the party responsible for publication, and complete the corresponding CSSF formality.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Connect with Bertrand Mariaux on LinkedIn. You can listen to the related podcast on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mifir-post-trade-transparency-protocols-for-luxembourg/id1811791497?i=1000776853103" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ApplePodcast</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/5cjXEtEmlJhs8YXnd3BXmS?si=Dq7UJeR5RIGtxotEHnw3Xg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/Xu0vSbgTe4U" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>, or wherever you get your podcasts.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">References</span>:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier, MiFID II/MiFIR Questions and Answers, version of 13 July 2026, Questions 4.1.1, 4.2.1 and 4.2.2, pages 14–17 (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/QA-MiFIDII_MiFIR.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/QA-MiFIDII_MiFIR.pdf</a>)</li>



<li>Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments, Articles 21, 21a and 54(3) (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/600/2024-03-28/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/600/2024-03-28/eng</a>)</li>



<li>Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/583 of 14 July 2016, Articles 1a, 8 and 11, consolidated version applicable from 2 March 2026 (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2017/583/2026-03-02/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2017/583/2026-03-02/eng</a>)</li>



<li>Directive 2014/65/EU of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments, Article 4(1)(20) (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/65/2025-01-17/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/65/2025-01-17/eng</a>)</li>
</ul>



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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Suitability of Investment Advice in Luxembourg Private Banking: Information to Collect Before Advising a Client</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/investment-advice-suitability-luxembourg-private-banking/</link>
					<comments>https://bertrandmariaux.com/investment-advice-suitability-luxembourg-private-banking/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 15:55:30 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Law & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Credit Institutions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Delegated Regulation 2017/565]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investment Advice Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investment Firms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LFS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Luxembourg Suitability Assessment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[private banking Luxembourg]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://bertrandmariaux.com/?p=411</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Investment advice suitability Luxembourg requires firms to collect, analyse and document client information before advising under Article 37-3(4) LFS and Article 54 of the Delegated Regulation.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Investment advice is legally conditioned on sufficient client information.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 37-3(4) of the Luxembourg law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended</a> (the &#8220;<strong>LFS</strong>&#8220;) sets the first rule. Before investment advice or portfolio management, the firm must obtain necessary client information. If it does not obtain the information required for the suitability assessment, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R0565-20220802" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 54(8) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/565 of 25 April 2016</a> (the &#8220;<strong>Delegated Regulation</strong>&#8220;) prevents it from recommending investment services or financial instruments. This text is not administrative guidance. As an EU regulation, it is binding in its entirety and directly applicable in Member States under <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2012/art_288/oj/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Although this article uses a private-banking lens, Article 37-3(4) of the LFS applies more broadly to credit institutions and investment firms when they provide investment advice or portfolio management; investment funds may be the instruments recommended, but they are not targeted as such by this rule. The suitability report described below is specifically framed for retail clients.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Three Conditions to Demonstrate Suitability</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For an investment recommendation to be justified under the regulatory framework, the file must show that (i) the required information was collected, (ii) that information was analysed, and (iii) the results of that analysis were actually taken into account in the advice given.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">First, collect the information required under Article 37-3(4) of the LFS. It covers five information points: knowledge and experience, financial situation, capacity to bear losses, investment objectives, and risk tolerance. Article 54(2)(a) of the Delegated Regulation also requires sustainability preferences to be considered where relevant.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Second, connect the information to the recommendation. The advice must correspond to the documented client profile, the product features, its costs, and its risks. This requirement is reflected in Article 54(2) of the Delegated Regulation, which requires firms to assess whether a recommended transaction is suitable in light of the information collected during the suitability assessment.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Third, maintain a disciplined record of the suitability assessment and the reasons supporting the recommendation. Article 54(12) of the Delegated Regulation requires, for retail clients, a suitability report. That report must outline the advice and explain why the recommendation is suitable for that client.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The must-know rule is unambiguous. Article 37-3(4) of the LFS, read with Article 54(8) of the Delegated Regulation, makes suitability information a legal requirement before advice can be provided.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertrandmariaux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Connect with Bertrand Mariaux on LinkedIn.</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">You can listen to the related podcast on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/suitability-requirements-for-investment-advice-in-luxembourg/id1811791497?i=1000772335655" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ApplePodcast</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/0Ih36XYg1nt5hIPdcGIdgV" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/u8pWS4SgU1w" data-type="link" data-id="https://youtu.be/u8pWS4SgU1w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>, or wherever you get your podcasts.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">References</span>:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 37-3(4) of the Luxembourg law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended (consolidated working version, Commission de surveillance du secteur financier)</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R0565-20220802" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Articles 54(2)(a), 54(2), 54(8) and 54(12) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/565 of 25 April 2016, consolidated version</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R0565-20220802" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R0565-20220802</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2012/art_288/oj/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2012/art_288/oj/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2012/art_288/oj/eng</a>)</li>
</ul>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>L’adéquation du conseil en banque privée luxembourgeoise : les informations à recueillir avant de conseiller un client</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/adequation-conseil-banque-privee-luxembourg/</link>
					<comments>https://bertrandmariaux.com/adequation-conseil-banque-privee-luxembourg/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2026 15:36:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Luxembourg Financial Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Private Banking & Wealth Management]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Regulatory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Banque privée Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conformité MiFID II]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Conseil Investissement Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Évaluation Adéquation Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rapport Adéquation MiFID II]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Réglementation CSSF]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://bertrandmariaux.com/?p=397</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Le conseil en investissement repose sur des fondements légaux. L’article 37-3(4) de la loi du 5 avril 1993 relative au secteur financier, telle que modifiée (la « LSF »), fixe la première règle. Avant tout conseil en investissement ou toute gestion de portefeuille, l’établissement doit obtenir les informations nécessaires sur le client. S’il n’obtient pas...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Le conseil en investissement repose sur des fondements légaux.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">L’<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article 37-3(4) de la loi du 5 avril 1993 relative au secteur financier, telle que modifiée</a> (la « <strong>LSF</strong> »), fixe la première règle. Avant tout conseil en investissement ou toute gestion de portefeuille, l’établissement doit obtenir les informations nécessaires sur le client. S’il n’obtient pas les informations requises pour l’évaluation d’adéquation, l’<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R0565-20220802" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article 54(8) du règlement délégué (UE) 2017/565 de la Commission du 25 avril 2016</a> (le « <strong>Règlement Délégué</strong> ») lui interdit de recommander des services d’investissement ou des instruments financiers. Ce texte ne constitue pas une simple orientation administrative : en tant que règlement de l’Union européenne, il est obligatoire dans tous ses éléments et directement applicable dans les États membres, conformément à l’<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2012/art_288/oj/fra" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article 288 du traité sur le fonctionnement de l’Union européenne</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Même si cet article adopte un angle de banque privée, l’article 37-3(4) de la LSF vise plus largement les établissements de crédit et les entreprises d’investissement lorsqu’ils fournissent un conseil en investissement ou un service de gestion de portefeuille ; les fonds d’investissement peuvent être les instruments recommandés, mais ils ne sont pas visés comme tels par cette règle.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Trois conditions pour démontrer l’adéquation du conseil</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Pour qu’une recommandation d’investissement puisse être justifiée au regard des exigences réglementaires, la documentation doit permettre de démontrer (i) que les informations requises ont été recueillies, (ii) qu’elles ont été analysées et (iii) qu’elles ont effectivement été prises en compte dans le conseil formulé.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Premier point : collecter les éléments visés par l’article 37-3(4) de la LSF. Ils couvrent cinq points d’information : connaissances et expérience, situation financière, capacité à supporter les pertes, objectifs d’investissement et tolérance au risque. L’article 54(2)(a) du Règlement Délégué exige aussi de tenir compte des préférences en matière de durabilité lorsque cela est pertinent.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Deuxième point : relier les informations à la recommandation. Le conseil doit correspondre au profil documenté du client, aux caractéristiques du produit, à ses coûts et à ses risques. Cette exigence ressort de l’article 54(2) du Règlement Délégué, qui impose d’apprécier si l’opération recommandée est adaptée au client à la lumière des informations recueillies dans le cadre de l’évaluation d’adéquation.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Troisième point : tenir un dossier rigoureux. L’article 54(12) du Règlement Délégué exige, pour les clients de détail, un rapport d’adéquation. Ce rapport doit présenter le conseil et expliquer pourquoi la recommandation convient à ce client.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">La règle fondamentale est sans ambiguïté. L’article 37-3(4) de la LSF, lu avec l’article 54(8) du Règlement Délégué, fait de l’information d’adéquation un seuil légal du conseil. Ce n’est pas une préférence opérationnelle. C’est une condition réglementaire.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertrandmariaux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Connectez-vous avec Bertrand Mariaux sur LinkedIn.</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Vous pouvez écouter le podcast associé sur <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/lu/podcast/lad%C3%A9quation-du-conseil-en-banque-priv%C3%A9e-luxembourgeoise/id1824719233?i=1000772225871" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ApplePodcast</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/0vJ8aoPw4i2NIhI9dkLw2h" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/h0pT6VROD58" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> ou sur votre plateforme d’écoute préférée.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Références</span> :</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 37-3(4) de la loi du 5 avril 1993 relative au secteur financier, telle que modifiée (version consolidée de travail publiée par la Commission de surveillance du secteur financier)</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R0565-20220802" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Articles 54(2)(a), 54(2), 54(8) et 54(12) du règlement délégué (UE) 2017/565 de la Commission du 25 avril 2016, version consolidée</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R0565-20220802" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R0565-20220802</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2012/art_288/oj/fra" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 288 du traité sur le fonctionnement de l’Union européenne</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2012/art_288/oj/fra" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2012/art_288/oj/fra</a>)</li>
</ul>



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</div></figure>



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<iframe title="L’adéquation du conseil en banque privée luxembourgeoise" width="720" height="540" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/h0pT6VROD58?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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		<title>MiFID II Inducement Conditions in Luxembourg Private Banking: The Article 37-3(3d) LFS Test</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/mifid-ii-inducements-luxembourg/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 16:23:31 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Law & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Article 37-3 LFS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Commission Delegated Directive 2026/374]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[execution and research services]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investment advice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Luxembourg private banking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MiFID II inducements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[non-monetary benefits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[portfolio management]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[third-party benefits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trailer fees]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://bertrandmariaux.com/?p=390</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[MiFID II inducement conditions Luxembourg: Article 37-3(3d) LFS sets the service-quality, client-interest and prior disclosure test.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 37-3(3d) of the Luxembourg Law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended</a> (the &#8220;<strong>LFS</strong>&#8220;) sets the general inducement test for Luxembourg private banking. This test forms part of the framework under <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive 2014/65/EU of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments</a> (&#8220;<strong>MiFID II</strong>&#8220;). A third-party fee, commission or non-monetary benefit may be retained only under specific conditions. The benefit must enhance service quality. It must not impair the client’s best interests. Disclosure must precede the relevant service.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Distinguish trailer fees from inducements</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A trailer fee (<em>rétrocession de commission</em>) is a specific type of inducement. It generally refers to a recurring commission paid by a third party, often linked to the distribution or holding of a financial product. In practice, trailer fees are among the most common inducement forms encountered in private banking, portfolio management and investment advice.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The word <em>trailer</em> helps illustrate the mechanism. It refers to a commission that follows the client’s investment over time rather than being paid only at the outset. As long as the client remains invested in the product, the commission may continue to be paid to the distributor or intermediary. A trailer fee is therefore not limited to an upfront payment linked to the initial subscription. It may also remunerate an ongoing distribution, custody or servicing relationship that continues after the investment has been made.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The inducement analysis is broader. It covers any fee, commission or benefit linked to an investment service. The benefit may be monetary or non-monetary. Examples include direct payments, fee rebates, training, tools provided by third parties or other advantages that could influence how the investment service provider acts.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The previous article, <a href="https://bertrandmariaux.com/trailer-fees-mifid-ii-luxembourg-private-banking-rules/">Trailer Fees &amp; MiFID II: The Luxembourg Private Banking Rules</a>, looked at trailer fees in private banking as a practical example of an inducement. This control takes a broader view. It covers the general conditions that apply to any fee, commission or non-monetary benefit received or provided in connection with an investment service. The aim is not only to check transparency. It is also to determine whether the benefit complies with investor protection rules and the duty to act in the client’s best interests. In short, the question is not only: “has the client been informed?”. It is also: “may the benefit be accepted and retained?”.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Classify the service, test the inducement, document the client information</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Service classification governs the analysis. <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 37-3(3b) and Article 37-3(3c) of the LFS</a> apply to investment advice provided on an independent basis and to portfolio management. They prohibit accepting and retaining third-party fees, commissions and benefits. The logic is simple. For these services, the client must be able to rely on advice or management that is not influenced by payments from issuers, distributors or other third parties connected with the relevant financial instruments. The prohibition therefore limits conflicts of interest and strengthens alignment with the client’s interests. Only acceptable minor non-monetary benefits are excluded.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Article 37-3(3d) of the LFS demands more than disclosure. <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The information must cover the existence, nature and amount of the payment or benefit, or the calculation method, in a comprehensive, accurate and understandable manner</a>. Where applicable, mechanisms for transferring the benefit to the client must also be disclosed. The information must be delivered before the relevant service is provided.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir_del/2026/374/oj/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2026/374 of 20 February 2026</a> amended Delegated Directive (EU) 2017/593. It concerns third-party execution and research services. This article does not address the specific regime for those services. This development does not displace the general inducement test under Article 37-3(3d) of the LFS.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The control is simple. Start by identifying the relevant service. Then identify the benefit received or paid. Check two points: does the benefit enhance service quality? Could it impair the client’s interests? Finally, make sure the client was informed in advance.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Beware of a common mistake: informing the client is not enough. An inducement is not admissible merely because it has been disclosed. It must also satisfy the substantive regulatory conditions. In other words, transparency is necessary, but it does not replace the analysis. Treating mere client disclosure as sufficient to make the inducement admissible is not the Article 37-3(3d) test.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertrandmariaux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Connect with Bertrand Mariaux on LinkedIn.</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">You can listen to the related podcast on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-mifid-ii-inducement-test-in-luxembourg-private-banking/id1811791497?i=1000772050604" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/1TahsnNQ4DCOPVzrOAE1p7?si=G3pDbN5-TSWamLtNQlJZ8Q" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/ZxZbCKS6iCg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>, or wherever you get your podcasts.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>References:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended, Article 37-3 — CSSF consolidated English text</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments — EUR-Lex</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir_del/2026/374/oj/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2026/374 of 20 February 2026 — EUR-Lex</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir_del/2026/374/oj/eng" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir_del/2026/374/oj/eng</a>)</li>
</ul>



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</div></figure>



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<iframe title="The MiFID II Inducement Test in Luxembourg Private Banking" width="720" height="540" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZxZbCKS6iCg?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>
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		<item>
		<title>Conditions des incitations MiFID II en banque privée luxembourgeoise : le test de l’article 37-3(3quinquies) LFS</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/conditions-incitations-mifid-ii-luxembourg-lsf/</link>
					<comments>https://bertrandmariaux.com/conditions-incitations-mifid-ii-luxembourg-lsf/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 16:02:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Law & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[article 37-3 LSF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[avantages non monétaires]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Banque privée Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conditions incitations MiFID II]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rémunérations de tiers]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://bertrandmariaux.com/?p=389</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Conditions incitations MiFID II Luxembourg : l’article 37-3(3quinquies) de la LSF impose qualité du service, intérêt du client et information préalable.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">L’article 37-3(3quinquies) de la loi luxembourgeoise du 5 avril 1993 relative au secteur financier, telle que modifiée</a> (la &#8220;<strong>LSF</strong>&#8220;) fixe le test général applicable aux incitations (<em>inducements</em>) en banque privée luxembourgeoise. Ce test s’inscrit dans le cadre de la <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">directive 2014/65/UE du 15 mai 2014 concernant les marchés d’instruments financiers</a> (« <strong>MiFID II</strong> »). Une rémunération, commission ou avantage non monétaire de tiers ne peut être conservé qu’à certaines conditions. L’avantage doit améliorer la qualité du service. Il ne doit pas nuire aux intérêts du client. L’information doit précéder la fourniture du service concerné.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Distinguer rétrocession et incitation</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Une rétrocession de commission (<em>trailer fee</em>) est un cas particulier d’incitation. Elle correspond généralement à une commission récurrente versée par un tiers — par exemple une société de gestion, un émetteur ou une entreprise d’investissement qui conçoit des instruments financiers destinés à la vente aux clients, parfois appelée producteur d’instruments financiers dans le vocabulaire de gouvernance produit MiFID II — à l’établissement qui distribue, recommande ou conserve ces produits pour le compte de ses clients. En pratique, les rétrocessions constituent l’une des formes les plus fréquentes d’incitations rencontrées dans les activités de banque privée, de gestion de portefeuille ou de conseil en investissement.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Le terme anglais <em>trailer</em> aide à fixer la mécanique. Il renvoie à l’idée d’une commission qui suit la position du client dans le temps. Tant que le client conserve le produit, la commission peut continuer à être versée au distributeur ou à l’intermédiaire. La rétrocession n’est donc pas seulement un paiement initial lié à la souscription. Elle peut aussi rémunérer une relation de distribution, de conservation ou de suivi qui se prolonge après l’investissement initial.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">L’analyse des incitations est toutefois plus large. Elle couvre toute rémunération, commission ou avantage monétaire ou non monétaire reçu ou fourni en lien avec un service d’investissement. Il peut s’agir de paiements directs, de remises de frais, d’avantages en nature, de formations, d’outils mis à disposition par des tiers ou de toute autre forme de bénéfice susceptible d’influencer le comportement du prestataire de services d’investissement.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">L’article précédent, <a href="https://bertrandmariaux.com/retrocessions-banque-privee-luxembourg-mifid-ii/">Rétrocessions en banque privée au Luxembourg : trois contrôles MiFID II</a>, traitait les rétrocessions en banque privée comme un cas concret d’incitation. Le présent contrôle élargit l’analyse aux conditions générales d’admissibilité applicables à toute rémunération, commission ou avantage non monétaire reçu ou fourni en lien avec un service d’investissement. L’objectif est de vérifier non seulement la transparence de ces avantages, mais aussi leur compatibilité avec les exigences de protection des investisseurs et l’obligation d’agir au mieux des intérêts du client. La question n’est donc pas seulement : “le client a-t-il été informé ?”. La question est aussi : “l’avantage peut-il être accepté et conservé ?”.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Qualifier le service, tester l’incitation, documenter l’information du client</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">La qualification du service gouverne l’analyse. <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">L’article 37-3(3ter) et l’article 37-3(3quater) de la LSF</a> s’appliquent au conseil en investissement indépendant et à la gestion de portefeuille. Ils interdisent l’acceptation et la conservation des rémunérations et avantages de tiers. La logique est simple. Dans ces services, le client doit pouvoir compter sur une recommandation ou une gestion qui ne soit pas influencée par des paiements provenant d’émetteurs, de distributeurs ou d’autres tiers liés aux instruments financiers concernés. L’interdiction vise donc à limiter les conflits d’intérêts et à renforcer l’alignement du prestataire avec les intérêts du client. Seuls les avantages non monétaires mineurs acceptables sont exclus.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">L’article 37-3(3quinquies) de la LSF exige davantage que la communication. <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">L’information couvre l’existence, la nature, le montant ou le mode de calcul, d’une manière complète, exacte et compréhensible</a>. Le cas échéant, les mécanismes de transfert au client doivent aussi être communiqués. L’information intervient avant la fourniture du service.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">La <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir_del/2026/374/oj/fra" target="_blank" rel="noopener">directive déléguée (UE) 2026/374 de la Commission du 20 février 2026</a> a modifié la directive déléguée (UE) 2017/593. Elle concerne les services d’exécution et de recherche fournis par des tiers. Le présent article ne traite pas le régime spécifique de ces services. Cette évolution ne remet pas en cause l’application du test général des incitations prévu à l’article 37-3(3quinquies) de la LSF.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Le contrôle est simple. Commencez par identifier le service concerné. Puis identifiez l’avantage reçu ou versé. Vérifiez ensuite deux points : l’avantage améliore-t-il la qualité du service ? Risque-t-il de nuire aux intérêts du client ? Enfin, assurez-vous que le client a été informé à l’avance.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Attention à une erreur fréquente : informer le client ne suffit pas. Une incitation n’est pas admissible uniquement parce qu’elle a été divulguée. Elle doit aussi respecter les conditions de fond prévues par la réglementation. En d’autres termes, la transparence est nécessaire, mais elle ne remplace pas l’analyse. Considérer qu’une simple information du client suffit à rendre l’incitation admissible n’est pas le test de l’article 37-3(3quinquies) de la LSF.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Connectez-vous avec Bertrand Mariaux sur <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertrandmariaux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LinkedIn</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Vous pouvez écouter le podcast associé sur <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/lu/podcast/r%C3%A9trocessions-en-banque-priv%C3%A9e-au-luxembourg-trois/id1824719233?i=1000771582062" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/0AYcvuz3MQzM6ii1m2iipr" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/xnL3jF5hdKk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> ou sur votre plateforme d’écoute préférée.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Références :</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Loi du 5 avril 1993 relative au secteur financier, telle que modifiée, article 37-3 — texte consolidé CSSF</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive 2014/65/UE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 15 mai 2014 concernant les marchés d’instruments financiers — EUR-Lex</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir_del/2026/374/oj/fra" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive déléguée (UE) 2026/374 de la Commission du 20 février 2026 — EUR-Lex</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir_del/2026/374/oj/fra" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir_del/2026/374/oj/fra</a>)</li>
</ul>
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		<title>Trailer Fees &#038; MiFID II: The Luxembourg Private Banking Rules</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/trailer-fees-mifid-ii-luxembourg/</link>
					<comments>https://bertrandmariaux.com/trailer-fees-mifid-ii-luxembourg/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 20:22:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Law & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Article 37-3 LFS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[compliance framework]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MiFID II inducements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[private banking Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trailer fees]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://bertrandmariaux.com/?p=385</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Article 37-3(3d) of the Luxembourg law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended (the “LFS”), governs trailer fees in Luxembourg private banking. In this context, a trailer fee falls within the MiFID II inducements framework. It may consist of a fee, commission or other monetary or non-monetary benefit paid or provided by...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 37-3(3d) of the Luxembourg law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended</a> (the “<strong>LFS</strong>”), governs trailer fees in Luxembourg private banking.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In this context, a trailer fee falls within the MiFID II inducements framework. It may consist of a fee, commission or other monetary or non-monetary benefit paid or provided by a third party, or by a person acting on behalf of a third party, to a credit institution or investment firm in connection with an investment service or ancillary service provided to a client.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The framework derives in particular from Article 24(9) of <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments</a> (“<strong>MiFID II</strong>”), Article 37-3(3d) of the LFS, and Articles 11 and 12 of <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A02017L0593-20221122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2017/593 of 7 April 2016</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A trailer fee may be retained only if two conditions are met. It must be designed to enhance the quality of the service provided to the client. It must not impair compliance with the duty to act honestly, fairly and professionally in accordance with the client’s best interests. Prior disclosure of its existence, nature, amount or calculation method is then required.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Trailer fees under the LFS: admissibility, transparency and client-interest protection</span></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Service classification determines the rules applicable to fees and benefits received. For certain services, such as independent investment advice or portfolio management, the bank may not accept and retain monetary fees or other monetary benefits paid by third parties, for example by an investment fund management company. Those monetary benefits must be transferred in full to the client.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This rule reduces conflicts of interest and protects the client’s interest. For independent investment advice, it results from Article 37-3(3b) of the LFS. For portfolio management, it results from Article 37-3(3c) of the LFS.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Certain minor non-monetary benefits, such as information documents or technical training on the features and risks of financial products, remain permitted where they meet the applicable conditions. They must be capable of enhancing the quality of the service provided to the client and must not impair compliance with the duty to act in the client’s best interests.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Prior disclosure is mandatory. The bank must inform the client, before providing the relevant service, of the existence of the trailer fee, its nature, and its amount or calculation method.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Annual reporting applies to ongoing trailer fees. Article 11(5)(c) of Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2017/593 requires annual disclosure, on an individual basis, of the actual amount of payments or benefits received or paid.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Article 37-3(3d) of the LFS provides the legal anchor for the relevant documents and disclosures in this area. Service classification, admissibility, prior disclosure and annual reporting must remain consistent.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Connect with Bertrand Mariaux on <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertrandmariaux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LinkedIn</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">You can listen to the related podcast on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/trailer-fees-mifid-ii-the-luxembourg-private-banking-rules/id1811791497?i=1000771746422" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/0gJ8SssV96jgaw6rfYlZVU" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/dDeLUlANGlA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>, or wherever you get your podcasts.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>References</strong></span>:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended, Article 37-3</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments, Article 24(9)</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117</a>)</li>



<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A02017L0593-20221122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2017/593 of 7 April 2016, Articles 11 and 12</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A02017L0593-20221122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A02017L0593-20221122</a>)</li>
</ul>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe title="Spotify Embed: Trailer Fees &amp; MiFID II: The Luxembourg Private Banking Rules" style="border-radius: 12px" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/0gJ8SssV96jgaw6rfYlZVU?utm_source=oembed"></iframe>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Rétrocessions en banque privée au Luxembourg : trois contrôles MiFID II</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/retrocessions-banque-privee-luxembourg-mifid-ii/</link>
					<comments>https://bertrandmariaux.com/retrocessions-banque-privee-luxembourg-mifid-ii/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 07 Jun 2026 20:22:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Financial Law & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://bertrandmariaux.com/?p=381</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Rétrocessions banque privée Luxembourg : trois contrôles MiFID II sur l’admissibilité, la divulgation préalable et le reporting annuel.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">L&#8217;article 37-3(3quinquies) de la loi luxembourgeoise du 5 avril 1993 relative au secteur financier, telle que modifiée (la « <strong>LSF</strong> »), encadre les rétrocessions en banque privée.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Dans ce contexte, une rétrocession relève du régime des incitations (« <em>inducements</em> ») au sens de la directive 2014/65/UE concernant les marchés d’instruments financiers (« <strong>MiFID II</strong> »). Il peut s’agir d’une commission, de frais ou d’un autre avantage, monétaire ou non monétaire, versé ou fourni par un tiers, ou par une personne agissant pour son compte, à un établissement financier dans le cadre d’un service d’investissement fourni à un client.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Le régime découle notamment de l’article 24(9) de MiFID II et de l’article 37-3(3quinquies) de la LSF et des articles 11 et 12 de la directive déléguée (UE) 2017/593 de la Commission.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Une rétrocession ne peut être conservée qu’à deux conditions. Elle doit avoir pour objet d’améliorer la qualité du service fourni au client. Elle ne doit pas nuire au respect de l’obligation d’agir d’une manière honnête, équitable et professionnelle au mieux des intérêts du client. La divulgation préalable de son existence, de sa nature, de son montant ou de sa méthode de calcul est ensuite requise.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Rétrocessions sous la LSF : admissibilité, transparence et protection de l’intérêt du client</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">La classification du service détermine les règles applicables aux commissions et avantages perçus. Pour certains services, comme le conseil en investissement indépendant ou la gestion de portefeuille, la banque ne peut pas accepter et conserver les commissions ou autres avantages monétaires versés par des tiers, par exemple par une société de gestion de fonds d’investissement. Elle doit les reverser intégralement au client.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Cette règle vise à réduire les conflits d’intérêts et à protéger l’intérêt du client. Pour le conseil en investissement indépendant, elle résulte de l’article 37-3(3ter) de la LSF. Pour la gestion de portefeuille, elle résulte de l’article 37-3(3quater) de la LSF.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Certains avantages non monétaires mineurs (« <em>minor non-monetary benefits</em> »), tels que des documents d’information ou des formations techniques sur les caractéristiques et les risques des produits financiers, de portée limitée et de faible valeur, restent autorisés lorsqu’ils respectent les conditions applicables. Ils doivent être susceptibles d’améliorer la qualité du service fourni au client et ne pas compromettre le respect de l’obligation d’agir au mieux des intérêts du client.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">La divulgation préalable est obligatoire. La banque doit informer le client, avant la fourniture du service concerné, de l’existence de la rétrocession (« <em>trailer fee</em> »), de sa nature, ainsi que de son montant ou de la méthode utilisée pour le calculer.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Le reporting annuel s’applique aux rétrocessions continues. L’article 11(5)(c) de la directive déléguée (UE) 2017/593 de la Commission impose une information annuelle, sur une base individuelle, concernant le montant réel des paiements ou avantages reçus ou versés.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">L&#8217;article 37-3(3quinquies) de la LSF sert de base juridique à l’ensemble des documents et informations à fournir dans ce domaine. Classification du service, admissibilité, divulgation préalable et reporting annuel doivent être cohérents.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Connectez-vous avec Bertrand Mariaux sur <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertrandmariaux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LinkedIn</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Vous pouvez écouter le podcast associé sur <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/lu/podcast/r%C3%A9trocessions-en-banque-priv%C3%A9e-au-luxembourg-trois/id1824719233?i=1000771582062" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/0AYcvuz3MQzM6ii1m2iipr" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/GP5EmhASXLY" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> ou sur votre plateforme d’écoute préférée.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Références</strong></span> :</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Loi du 5 avril 1993 relative au secteur financier, telle que modifiée, article 37-3</a><br><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive 2014/65/UE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 15 mai 2014 concernant les marchés d’instruments financiers, article 24(9)</a><br><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0065-20250117</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017L0593-20221122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive déléguée (UE) 2017/593 de la Commission du 7 avril 2016, articles 11 et 12</a><br><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017L0593-20221122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A02017L0593-20221122</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>MiFID II: Portfolio Management and Investment Advice in Private Banking</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/mifid-ii-luxembourg-portfolio-management-investment-advice/</link>
					<comments>https://bertrandmariaux.com/mifid-ii-luxembourg-portfolio-management-investment-advice/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 20:28:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Banking & Financial Services Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Articles 24-4 24-5 LFS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CSSF Authorisation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fund Managers Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investment Advice Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Luxembourg Investment Services]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MiFID Top-Up Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Portfolio Management Luxembourg]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://bertrandmariaux.com/?p=362</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[MiFID II Luxembourg portfolio management and investment advice matter in private banking and fund manager top-ups. Classify, verify, document.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Articles 24-4 and 24-5 of the <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Luxembourg law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended</a> (the “<strong>LFS</strong>”) set two core private-banking routes. Article 24-4 covers portfolio management. Article 24-5 covers investment advice. Both shape the client relationship.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0065" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive 2014/65/EU of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments</a> (“<strong>MiFID II</strong>”) was transposed into Luxembourg law. The <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_300518_MiFID_eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">law of 30 May 2018 on markets in financial instruments</a> amended the LFS directly.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Private banking under MiFID II: three practical checks</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Before analysing documentation or suitability, private banks should first determine precisely which regulated service they are providing. Three questions usually determine the correct MiFID II classification and the applicable compliance framework.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 24-4 of the LFS</a> covers <span style="text-decoration: underline;">portfolio management</span>. The client gives the firm authority to make investment decisions on the client’s behalf. The firm does not seek prior approval for each transaction. The service is tailored to the individual client’s circumstances, objectives and risk profile. It relates to assets held for that specific client rather than assets pooled with those of other investors. As reflected in Section A(4) of Annex I to <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0065" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive 2014/65/EU (MiFID II)</a>, portfolio management involves the management of portfolios under mandates granted by clients. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The mandate gives the firm discretionary authority to take investment decisions</span>. Those decisions are made on a client-by-client basis rather than for a collective pool of investors. The portfolio must include one or more instruments that qualify as &#8220;financial instruments&#8221; under MiFID II, such as shares, bonds, units in investment funds or derivatives, rather than only non-financial assets such as real estate, art, wine or other collectibles. The focus is therefore on the ongoing management of an individual client’s portfolio within the limits set by the mandate.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 24-5 of the LFS</a> covers <span style="text-decoration: underline;">investment advice</span>. The key distinction is whether the communication amounts to a personal recommendation addressed to a specific client or presented as suitable for that client’s circumstances. A recommendation may concern the purchase, sale, subscription, exchange, redemption, holding or disposal of a financial instrument. Once a personal recommendation is made, the activity falls within the investment-advice perimeter and triggers the corresponding MiFID II obligations, including suitability requirements. This distinction is particularly relevant in private banking because relationship managers regularly discuss investment opportunities with clients. The legal classification of those discussions determines whether the institution is merely providing information or is delivering a regulated investment service requiring specific controls, documentation and client-protection measures. By contrast, generic market commentary, factual product descriptions, investment research distributed to a broad audience, or purely educational information do not in themselves constitute investment advice. Mere information remains outside the perimeter.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• The client category affects the protection level. MiFID II is not limited to retail clients. Professional clients also remain within the framework. The service still needs classification, licensing and documentation.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The service model drives the compliance file. In practice, discretionary portfolio management must be documented through a management mandate, while investment advice must be supported by a process for making and recording personal recommendations. Both require suitability discipline.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A fund-management aside helps avoid confusion. Collective portfolio management is not private-banking portfolio management. A fund manager may obtain additional MiFID-type permissions. This is not limited to UCITS management companies. Authorised Alternative Investment Fund Managers may also be concerned. Practitioners often call this a “MiFID top-up”. That top-up does not create full MiFID investment-firm status.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (the “<strong>CSSF</strong>”) supervises this framework. In private banking, the key practical issue is identifying which service the bank is actually providing. Is the bank making investment decisions on behalf of the client (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">portfolio management</span>), giving personalised recommendations (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">investment advice</span>), or simply supplying information without making recommendations?</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Classify the service. Confirm the licence. Keep appropriate records and documentation. In private banking, Articles 24-4 and 24-5 of the LFS are the starting point.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Connect with Bertrand Mariaux on <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertrandmariaux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LinkedIn</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">You can listen to the related podcast on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mifid-ii-portfolio-management-investment-advice-in/id1811791497?i=1000771039076" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/2T29rczEITYtyx9MKDRL2L" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/CVdHFq-5NRk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>, or wherever you get your podcasts.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">References:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Articles 24-4 and 24-5 of the Luxembourg law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf</a>)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_300518_MiFID_eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Law of 30 May 2018 on markets in financial instruments</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_300518_MiFID_eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_300518_MiFID_eng.pdf</a>)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0065" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive 2014/65/EU of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments (MiFID II)</a> (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0065" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0065</a>)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/en/investment-firms/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CSSF investment firms page</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/en/investment-firms/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/en/investment-firms/</a>)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/en/authorisation-of-a-management-company-chapter-15/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CSSF authorisation of a management company — Chapter 15</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/en/authorisation-of-a-management-company-chapter-15/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/en/authorisation-of-a-management-company-chapter-15/</a>)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/FAQ-AIFMD_200525.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FAQ AIFMD 20 May 2025 Version 24</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/FAQ-AIFMD_200525.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/FAQ-AIFMD_200525.pdf</a>)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_120713_AIFM_eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Law of 12 July 2013 on alternative investment fund managers</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_120713_AIFM_eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_120713_AIFM_eng.pdf</a>)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/en/mifid-ii-mifir-priips/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CSSF MiFID II — MiFIR — PRIIPs page</a> (<a href="https://www.cssf.lu/en/mifid-ii-mifir-priips/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/en/mifid-ii-mifir-priips/</a>)</p>



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		<title>Conformité MiFID II : Standards des Brochures en Banque Privée</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/revue-mifid-ii-brochures-banque-privee/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2026 21:07:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Banking & Financial Services Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Banque privée Luxembourg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Communications commerciales CSSF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Loi secteur financier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Revue brochure MiFID II]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[revue MiFID II des brochures : l’article 37-3(2) de la LSF impose des communications de banque privée correctes, claires et non trompeuses.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">L’article 37-3(2) de la loi du 5 avril 1993 relative au secteur financier, telle que modifiée (« <strong>LSF</strong> »), fixe le standard applicable. Les informations clients doivent être correctes, claires et non trompeuses. Les communications commerciales doivent être clairement identifiables.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Une brochure de banque privée entre dans ce périmètre lorsqu’elle est adressée à des clients ou clients potentiels par un établissement de crédit. Un établissement de crédit est une institution recevant des fonds remboursables du public et octroyant des crédits pour son propre compte, au sens de l’article 1(12) de la LSF.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Le même raisonnement s’applique lorsqu’une brochure est émise par une entreprise d’investissement. L’article 1(9) de la LSF renvoie à la définition figurant à l’article 4(1)(1) de la directive 2014/65/UE du 15 mai 2014 concernant les marchés d’instruments financiers (« MiFID II »). Une entreprise d’investissement est une personne morale dont l’occupation ou l’activité habituelle consiste à fournir un ou plusieurs services d’investissement à des tiers ou à exercer une ou plusieurs activités d’investissement à titre professionnel.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">En banque privée, plusieurs services sont fréquemment concernés. Le conseil en investissement et la gestion de portefeuille en font notamment partie. La réception et transmission d’ordres peut aussi être pertinente. Ce service consiste à recevoir les ordres de clients et à les transmettre à une autre entité pour exécution. L’exécution d’ordres pour le compte de clients constitue un autre exemple typique.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">MiFID II fournit le cadre européen de conduite applicable à la fourniture de services d’investissement et à la protection des investisseurs. Le Luxembourg a transposé MiFID II par la loi du 30 mai 2018 relative aux marchés d’instruments financiers.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Trois contrôles pour la revue MiFID II des brochures</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Premièrement, qualifier la brochure</span>. Il faut rattacher son contenu aux services et instruments concernés. Conseil, gestion de portefeuille, réception et transmission d’ordres, exécution, conservation, fonds et produits structurés doivent être revus lorsqu’ils sont mentionnés dans une communication adressée à des clients ou clients potentiels.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Deuxièmement, tester chaque affirmation</span>. Chaque avantage présenté au client ou client potentiel doit être confronté aux risques et coûts pertinents. Cette exigence découle du principe selon lequel les informations adressées aux clients doivent être correctes, claires et non trompeuses, prévu à l’article 37-3(2) LSF, qui transpose notamment les exigences de l’article 24(3) de MiFID II. Il convient également de vérifier que les informations spécifiques figurant dans la brochure sont exactes, à jour et cohérentes avec la documentation contractuelle et réglementaire applicable. Les mentions environnementales, sociales et de gouvernance (« <strong>ESG</strong> ») nécessitent une attention particulière, notamment au regard des obligations d’information prévues par le règlement (UE) 2019/2088 sur la publication d’informations en matière de durabilité dans le secteur des services financiers (« <strong>SFDR</strong> »). Il en va de même des références à un traitement fiscal particulier ou à des avantages fiscaux potentiels, dès lors que ces éléments dépendent souvent de la situation individuelle du client et peuvent évoluer dans le temps. Les informations relatives à la fourniture de services dans plusieurs juridictions doivent également être vérifiées avec soin afin de tenir compte des exigences réglementaires locales applicables. Lorsque les règles de gouvernance des produits prévues par MiFID II sont applicables au produit ou service concerné, la documentation du marché cible doit rester cohérente avec la brochure et le mode de distribution, conformément aux exigences de gouvernance des produits figurant notamment aux articles 16(3) et 24(2) de MiFID II ainsi qu’aux orientations de l’ESMA en la matière.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Troisièmement, conserver la trace du processus d’approbation</span>. Il faut documenter la version révisée, l’approbateur, le public, le canal et la date. L’article 37-3(2) de la LSF s’applique avant diffusion. Cela signifie que la règle s’applique avant la distribution de la brochure. Elle ne crée pas une échéance récurrente de dépôt auprès de la Commission de surveillance du secteur financier (« <strong>CSSF</strong> »).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">La Stratégie d’investissement de détail (ou <em>Retail Investment Strategy</em> (<strong>RIS</strong>)) est un ensemble de réformes législatives européennes proposées pour les investisseurs de détail. Elle a fait l’objet d’un accord politique le 18 décembre 2025. Cette étape compte dans le processus législatif européen. Elle ne crée toutefois pas, à elle seule, de nouvelles obligations juridiquement contraignantes. Le paquet doit encore faire l’objet d’une adoption formelle par les institutions européennes concernées. Il devra ensuite être publié au Journal officiel de l’Union européenne avant que ses dispositions puissent produire leurs effets juridiques. Lorsque le texte final sera disponible, le Luxembourg devra évaluer et mettre en œuvre les changements requis dans son cadre national. Jusqu’à cette étape, les établissements doivent continuer à appliquer les règles luxembourgeoises actuelles. L’article 37-3(2) de la LSF reste la règle opérante.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Connectez-vous avec Bertrand Mariaux sur <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertrandmariaux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LinkedIn</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Vous pouvez écouter le podcast associé sur <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/lu/podcast/conformit%C3%A9-mifid-ii-standards-des-brochures-en-banque/id1824719233?i=1000770835535" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/5NsKjdF9heVAvHuTPE3l7n?si=aMP5WZLFSFyzbsy5CXsG-g" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/SgVIHBfhK6Y" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> ou sur votre plateforme d’écoute préférée.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Références</strong></span> :</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Article 37-3(2) de la loi du 5 avril 1993 relative au secteur financier, telle que modifiée (« LSF ») :<br><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lsf.pdf</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Directive 2014/65/UE du 15 mai 2014 concernant les marchés d’instruments financiers (« MiFID II ») :<br><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32014L0065" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32014L0065</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Loi luxembourgeoise du 30 mai 2018 relative aux marchés d’instruments financiers :<br><a href="https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2018/05/30/a446/jo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2018/05/30/a446/jo</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Commission de surveillance du secteur financier – Action de surveillance commune ESMA sur les communications commerciales MiFID II, juin 2024 :<br><a href="https://www.cssf.lu/en/2024/06/final-report-esma-common-supervisory-action-on-the-application-of-mifid-ii-disclosure-rules-with-regard-to-marketing-communications-and-advertisements-of-financial-products/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/en/2024/06/final-report-esma-common-supervisory-action-on-the-application-of-mifid-ii-disclosure-rules-with-regard-to-marketing-communications-and-advertisements-of-financial-products/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Conseil de l’Union européenne – Stratégie d’investissement de détail, accord politique, 18 décembre 2025 :<br><a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/12/18/retail-investment-strategy-council-and-parliament-agree-on-package-to-empower-consumers-while-boosting-markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/12/18/retail-investment-strategy-council-and-parliament-agree-on-package-to-empower-consumers-while-boosting-markets/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Parlement européen – Legislative Train, Stratégie d’investissement de détail :<br><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-an-economy-that-works-for-people/file-retail-investment-strategy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-an-economy-that-works-for-people/file-retail-investment-strategy</a></p>



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		<title>Private Banking Brochures: The Article 37-3(2) LFS Review Standard</title>
		<link>https://bertrandmariaux.com/mifid-ii-brochure-review/</link>
					<comments>https://bertrandmariaux.com/mifid-ii-brochure-review/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bertrand Mariaux]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 19:42:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[MiFID II Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Banking & Financial Services Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Article 37-3 LFS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CSSF Marketing Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Luxembourg financial sector law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[private banking regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Retail Investment Strategy]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[MiFID II brochure review: Article 37-3(2) of the 1993 Law requires private-banking brochures to be fair, clear and not misleading.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Article 37-3(2) of the Luxembourg law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended (the &#8220;LFS&#8221;), sets the review baseline. Client information must be fair, clear and not misleading. Marketing communications must be clearly identifiable. A private-banking brochure enters that perimeter when it is addressed to clients or potential clients by a credit institution. A credit institution is an institution receiving repayable funds from the public and granting credit for its own account, as defined in Article 1(12) of the LFS. The same applies when the brochure is issued by an investment firm, as defined in Article 1(9) of the LFS. An investment firm is not always limited to those activities. Article 1(9) of the LFS refers to the definition in Article 4(1)(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (&#8220;MiFID II&#8221;). Under that definition, an investment firm is a legal person. Its regular occupation or business must consist of providing one or more investment services to third parties and/or performing one or more investment activities on a professional basis. In the context of private-banking brochures, several services are commonly relevant. These include investment advice. They also include portfolio management. Reception and transmission of orders may also be relevant. This service consists of receiving client orders and forwarding them to another entity for execution. Execution of orders on behalf of clients is another typical example.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">MiFID II supplies the EU conduct-of-business framework. Luxembourg transposed MiFID II through the law of 30 May 2018 on markets in financial instruments.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Three controls for MiFID II brochure review</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">First, classify the brochure. Map its content against the service and instrument perimeter. Advice, portfolio management, order reception and transmission, execution, custody, funds, and structured products must be reviewed if they are discussed in communications addressed to clients or prospective clients.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Second, test every claim. Balance each benefit statement against relevant risks and costs. Environmental, social and governance (&#8220;ESG&#8221;) language, tax references, and cross-border contacts require separate verification. Where product governance applies, target-market documentation must align with the brochure and distribution plan.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Third, keep a record of the approval process. Document the reviewed version, approver, audience, channel, and date. Article 37-3(2) of the LFS applies before circulation. This means the rule applies prior to distributing the brochure and does not require a recurring submission deadline to the Commission de surveillance du secteur financier (&#8220;CSSF&#8221;).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Retail Investment Strategy is a package of proposed European Union legislative reforms for retail investors. It reached political agreement on 18 December 2025. This marked an important step in the EU legislative process. The initiative is intended to strengthen investor protection. It also aims to improve the retail investment framework across Member States. However, a political agreement does not by itself create binding legal obligations. The package must still undergo formal adoption by the relevant EU institutions and be published in the Official Journal of the European Union before its provisions can take legal effect. Once the final legislative text is available, Luxembourg will need to assess and implement any required changes through its domestic legal and regulatory framework, including amendments to existing laws or supervisory practices where necessary. Until those steps are completed and any new requirements become applicable, firms should continue to rely on the current Luxembourg rules and monitor developments closely. Article 37-3(2) of the LFS remains the operative Luxembourg rule.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">References:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Article 37-3(2) of the Luxembourg law of 5 April 1993 on the financial sector, as amended (the LFS): <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/wp-content/uploads/L_050493_lfs.pdf</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Directive 2014/65/EU of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments (MiFID II): <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32014L0065" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32014L0065</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Luxembourg law of 30 May 2018 on markets in financial instruments: <a href="https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2018/05/30/a446/jo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2018/05/30/a446/jo</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Commission de surveillance du secteur financier – ESMA Common Supervisory Action on MiFID II marketing communications, June 2024: <a href="https://www.cssf.lu/en/2024/06/final-report-esma-common-supervisory-action-on-the-application-of-mifid-ii-disclosure-rules-with-regard-to-marketing-communications-and-advertisements-of-financial-products/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cssf.lu/en/2024/06/final-report-esma-common-supervisory-action-on-the-application-of-mifid-ii-disclosure-rules-with-regard-to-marketing-communications-and-advertisements-of-financial-products/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• Council of the European Union – Retail Investment Strategy, political agreement, 18 December 2025: <a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/12/18/retail-investment-strategy-council-and-parliament-agree-on-package-to-empower-consumers-while-boosting-markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/12/18/retail-investment-strategy-council-and-parliament-agree-on-package-to-empower-consumers-while-boosting-markets/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">• European Parliament Legislative Train – Retail Investment Strategy: <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-an-economy-that-works-for-people/file-retail-investment-strategy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-an-economy-that-works-for-people/file-retail-investment-strategy</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Connect with Bertrand Mariaux on <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertrandmariaux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LinkedIn</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">You can listen to the related podcast on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/private-banking-brochures-the-article-37-3-2-lfs/id1811791497?i=1000770626549" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/72MHbTCrXGD87oLQU9FgB5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://youtu.be/5zZ89n6HHzg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>, or wherever you get your podcasts.</p>
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